Head for internal combustion engines



eh. l, 1936. M. E. MUTCHLER 2,933,123

HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Nov. 1, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet l hi .J l W h 75a 52/ r- .1 W 20 46 Q 5 2 I l' 3''? l 1 2/ [M1 36; T INVENTOR WaamheZIZ/Wuli'file:

BY p

KW M4 emd.

ATTORNEYS Feb. 18, W36. M. E. MUTCHLER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES zmmza 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed NOV. 1,

ATTORNEYS Fe. 18, 1936. M E T HUER zmmzs HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Nov. 1, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 j/ ya 74 76 y g 75 E 97 i 7 7g K2 74 45 36 A (Md/QM ATTORNEY$ Feb. 1%, H936. M E, MUTCHLER ZUELIZE HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Nov. 1, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 lNVENTOR ATTO RN EYS Feb. 18, 1936. M. E. MUTCHLER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES zmmza 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed NOV. 1, 1932 INVENTOR ftfEEMMZzr BY fio a (M W ATTORNEYS Feb. 18, 1936.

M. E. MUTCHLER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Nov. 1,

1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 T v M C 5 N]. AR Mm l w A 0 M W 4% 1 4 v 5 7 a W w W Q I i g m w 0W8; 16. L J 1 A.

Patented Feb. 18, 1936 source STATES PATENT OFFKIE HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Maurice E. Mutchler, Buffalo, N. Y. Application November 1, 1932', SerialNo. 640,614

9 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in heads for internal combustion engines and more particularly the invention is concerned with heads of the kind which are of sheet metal cono struction.

One object of the invention is to provide a unitary sheet metal construction which includes as parts thereof the exhaust and intake manifolds of the engine.

A further object is to provide a construction rangement of the parts of the head, whereby,

simplicity and economy in construction are obtained.

i A still further object is to provide a head which is of a light weight but rigid construction.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure l is a side elevation of an internal combustion engine embodying features of the invention.

-Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a top plan view of theengine with 1 the rocker arm cover removed.

Figure 4 is a vertical section taken along line ll of Figure 3. I

Figure 5 is a horizontal section taken along line 5--5 of Figure 2.

Figure 6 is a fragmentary section taken along line 6-6 of Figure 5.

Figure 7 is a bottom plan view of the head and is taken along line l-'l of Figure 2.

Figure 8 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the lower housing of the head and is embodiment illustrated, provide necks Figure 13 is'a section taken along line Iii-I3 of Figure 10. v

Figure 14 is a plan view of a single blank from which the exhaust manifold may be formed.

Figure I5 is a side elevation of a manifold pro- 5 duced from such a blank.

Figure 16 is a section taken along line l6l6 of Figure 15. V

Figure 17 is a section taken along line l'|--l1 of Figure 14.

The head which is indicated generally at 20 (Figure 1) is illustrated in connection with an engine casing 2| of the type disclosed in my copending application, Serial No. 635,036, filed Sep- I tember 27, 1932. It is understood, of course, that the head is equally applicable to other types of casings, that illustrated being by way of example only. The casing 2| is made up of a plurality of preformed sheet metal sections 22. Each of the said sections is formed from a tubular blank and includes integral cylinder and crank case portions. The latter, which are indicated generally at-23, are of substantially rectangular cross-section and when secured together side-by-side in the manner shown provide the upper half of the crank case of the engine. As disclosed in my copending application the abutting side walls of the crank case portions 23 are secured together while the-end walls of the said sections are suitably flanged as at 24 for securement to the lower half 25 of the crank case.

The cylinder portions of the sections 22, in the over which an elongated tubular water jacket 26 fits, the said water jacket being formed upon opposite sides with flanges 27 (Figure 2) and 28 (Figure 1). The former fits snugly over the upper end of a sleeve 29 which is adapted to provide a cylinder wall of the engine while the latter fits snugly over the cylinder portion of the section. 'The sleeves 29 and water jacket 25 are suitably secured to the sections 22 as by welding, whereby to provide sealed passages through which a cooling medium may be circulated. The said medium may be introduced into the water jacket through suitable inlet and outlet connections, one of which is indicated at 30 (Figure 2).

The head 20 is secured upon the casing by nut and bolt fastenings 3| (Figure 4), the head being 4 arranged upon the water jacket and fitting over the flanges 2'! thereof. Thev head, as illustrated, includes as permanent parts thereof an intake 'manifold 32 and an exhaust manifold 33, the

said manifolds cooperating with upper and lower housings 34 and 35, respectively, to provide e5 chamber 33 through which the cooling medium is circulated, The said chamber is in communication with the water jacket 26 through openings 31 which are formed in the top wall of the water jacket. The said openings are delimited by flanges 38 which fit snugly in openings 39 formed in the bottom wall of the lower housing 35.

The lower housing 35, as best shown in Figure 8 is preferably of sheet metal. It is formed with a body portion 40 and a Wing portion 4|, the latter being elevated with respect to the former and being connected thereto by a vertical wall 42. At its opposite side the body 40 is formed with a, vertical wall 43 while the wing portion 4| is formed with a similar wall 44. The margins of the walls 43 and 44 are preferably flanged as at 45 and 46, respectively. The body 40 is formed with upwardly extending caps 41 which are adapted to fit snugly over the flanges 21 of the water jacket and cooperate with the cylinders associated therewith to provide the compression chambers of the engine. Openings 48 and 49 are formed in the top wall 50 of each cap, the said openings being adapted to provide the intake and exhaust ports, respectively, of the engine. Flanges 5| which delimit the said ports are preferably formed during the formation of the ports and constitute integral parts of the caps. Openings 52 are formed in the vertical walls 42 and 43 of the body 40 and aligned openings 53 are formed in opposite sides of the cap 41. Spark plug holders 54 (Figure 2) are inserted and suitably secured in the said openings as by welding. Tubular elements 55 (Figure 2) are fitted and secured within the intake and exhaust ports 48 and 48, respectively, the said elements providing valve seats 56 for the intake and exhaust valves (not shown) of the engine.

The intake ports 48 are in communication with the intake manifold 32, the latter preferably constituting a permanent part of the head. The said manifold comprises an elongated sheet metal body which is formed with laterally extending arms 51 (Figure 5), there being one such arm for each intake port. The manifold 32 is, as best illustrated in Figure 2, made up of upper and lower sections 58 and 59, respectively, the said sections being preformed and then secured together along their margins as by welding. To this end the upper section 58 is formed with a marginal flange while the lower section 59 is formed with a similar flange 6|, it being understood that the sections of the manifold are secured together in the embodiment illustrated by welding of the flanges 60 and 6|. Each arm 51 of the lower section 59 of the manifold is formed with a flange 62 which fits over the associated flange 5| of the lower housing 35. In this connection it will be noted that with the intake manifold 32 arranged in the manner described the lower section 59 thereof rests upon the marginal flange 45 of the lower housing 35. The flange 45 is preferably Welded to the body of the intake manifold whereby the former is permanently united to the latter, it being noted that the arms 51 of the manifold lie wholly beyond the flange 45. The upper section 58 of the arms of the manifold 32 is formed with openings 63 through which extend the stems of the valves which are adapted to be employed in connection with the intake and exhaust ports of the engine. The opening 63 is in alignment with a similar opening 64 which is formed in the upper housing 34. The openings 63 and 64 are delimited by flanges 65 and 86 which are formed upon the respective sections of the head. The said flanges abut one another to provide a continuous passage in which a tubular element 61 is fitted, the said element being formed with a head 68 which abuts the top wall of the upper housing 34. A sleeve 69 fits in the tubular element 61 to provide a guideway for a valve stem, the said sleeve being formed with a head 78 which fits in a recess formed in the head 68 of the element 61. The various valve guide parts are suitably secured, as by welding, to one another and to the head sections with which they are associated.

It will be noted that the flange 45a of the upper housing 34 rests upon the top wall of the inlet manifold, the said flange being preferably secured to the said wall as by welding. The flange 45a is carried by a downwardly depending vertical wall H of the body of the housing 34. The latter is formed with an elevated portion 12 which is connected to the body portion by a vertical wall 13. The upper housing 34 also includes a downwardly depending vertical wall 14 which extends from the elevated portion 12, the said wall being formed with a marginal flange 15. The latter is preferably secured as by welding to the companion flange 46 of the lower housing 35.

The exhaust ports 49 communicate directly with the exhaust manifold 33. The latter is preferably larger than the intake manifold. It, similarly to the latter, consists of upper and lower preformed sections 16 and I1, respectively, the said sections being secured together by the union of their marginal flanges l8 and 19. The exhaust manifold 33 comprises an elongated body 80 (Figure 5) which is enclosed entirely within the casing provided by the housings 34 and 35, the said manifold being connected by arms 8| to the various exhaust ports. The connection of the arms 8| to the exhaust ports is effected in substantially the same manner as the connection of the intake manifold to the intake ports. Thus, the lower section 11 of each of the arms is formed with a flange 82 which fits snugly over the flange 5| of the associated exhaust port. The exhaust manifold 33 is preferably arranged upon ribs 83 which are carried by the wing portion 4| of the lower housing. The ribs 83 are adapted to space the manifold from the adjacent walls of the housing sections in such a manner as to insure a uniform distribution of the cooling medium over the manifold. The manifold is preferably secured to the ribs by welding in order to prevent it from vibrating. The arms 8| of the upper section 16 are formed with openings 84 which cooperate with companion openings 85 formed in the top wall of the upper housing 34, the openings 84 and 85 being delimited by flanges 86 and 81 which abut one another to provide a passage in which valve guide elements 88 and 89 (similar to the elements 81 and 69 described in connection with the intake manifold) are secured.

The cooling chamber which is provided by the manifolds and the housing sections 34 and 35 is closed at its opposite ends by L-shaped members 98 and 9| respectively (Figure 5). The short leg 92 of each of the said members fits against the adjacent arm of the intake manifold and overlaps the vertical walls I and 43 of the upper and lower housings 34 and 35 respectively (Figure 6). The longer leg 93 of the member is flanged along its margins as at 94 for securement to the top and bottom walls of the said housings, the said longer leg extending from the shorter leg to the end of the vertical walls 14 and 44 of the upper and lower housings respectively. The

-longer' leg of 'the -end wall 9 I iFigure-S) is secured' to-a flangett which is formed upon-the exhaust anropening fl'b which. is formed: in the" cap-piece 3311. It will' be: apparentptherefore,that the intake :and exhaust manifolds Jar-e a permanent Jpartrofsthe' head. Owingtoits sheet metaliconrstruction the heat whichis generated-during the of the two independent parts which make up each manifold. In the .embodiment of the in- -vention illustrated in Figure 11 the manifold is formed from a single blank in order to reduce '"the amount, and hencethe'cost of welding. The

the said walls being flanged as at I'M.

operation of the engine is rapidly dissipated. uThis is facilitatedzby the cooling medium .which xis: circulated through "the cooling 7 chamber. .The .efiiciencyof the engine is increased by the cooling :oftthe exhaust manifoldiin the manner described. :In orderto strengthen thehead the5latter is :preferably reinforced .at those points through :WhiChithe bolts iof the fasteningsiI .pass. To this: end's1eeves 96 and 91 (Figure 4). areprefer- :ably employed. The 'formerfit'within the'latter :and extendthroughopenings98 formed in the ';bodies of'the'housings 34 and 35 while thelatter rabut theimarginal portions of the'walls around ttheisaidsopenings. At their ends the sleeves 96 iare-swaged. over the walls of the housings thereibyrforcing :thexmetal at these .points 1 against the ends of the 'outerftubes 91. The bolts of the .fastening means 3| extend through theinner sleeves 'E961 andwhen. theheadis secured upon the .casing of :theengine the greater part of thepressure "transmitted to thehead istaken upby the said .isleeves. .Thehead may alsotbe reinforced at those points throughwhichthe-push rods (not-shown) pass, the sleeves in which the said rods. are mounted being indicated at-99 (Figure. 4).

The intake and exhaust .manifolds may be formed-in any suitable manner. .As illustrated 'ineFigure 2 each of the manifolds consists of a -;-pair of preformed sheet metal sections which are uni ed at their flanged edges as by welding, it -beingunderstood, of course, thatin this embodiment theweld extends aroundthe entire margins blank from which the manifold shown in Figure 11.is formed is illustrated in Figure 10. It com- ;prises two sections I90 and IBI which are connected by an integral tongue I02. -Each section isdeformed .to provide vertical walls IE3 which define the armand body portions of the manifold, It'will be 'noted'thatthe vertical wall I03 terminates at the terminal portionsof the tongue I02; the reduced width of the terminal'portions of the flanges I I34, as indicated at Iil5,being a' result of the scarcity or the metal at these points. While'the manifold is in this stage of -development..-the lintake openings I [I6 arepreferably formed in the ends of ."the arms of the section Illi! while the openings I01 for the valve stems are preferably formed in thearrns of the section If, flanges IIIEa-and H310.

being formed around the openings during the 'provfdes :za i si'de' swan of atheima'nifold. The: sections of the latter are thereupon-secured together LbYEWBldiIIg' thG flanges I04 and .the 'ends H0 =(Figure 13) Ofithe tongue "I92 'to the-terminal .:.portionsil I Isof the walls Hi3. Itwill be apparent thatlbyfo-rmin'g themanifold in this manner that :the amount of welding required; and hence the zcostzofwelding; ts substantiallyreduced owing to '.:the -elimination' of. anywelding-along that side of :the manifold'which iszprovided by the tongue-102. iln: the f embodiment illustrated in .Figure 15 an rexhaustzmanifoldwis illustrated which is formed in .a:mannerrsimilar tozthatdescribed in connecition' with theintake manifold. The blank-from zwhichathe:exhaust manifold is formed is-illusr-i trated in Figure 14. It includes a1pair of sec- .:tions H2 :and H3 which are connected by an I .=integra1.tongue H4. .The sections H2 :and H3 iincludegflat bodyportions H5 and H6, respectively,:the:said body portions lying in substan-j :as illustrated, being of substantially a greater;

uheight than .the:latter. The wall II'I connects the flat bodyof :thes'ection H2 to the-laterally extending portions H9 which are availed of in forming the arms of the manifold. The said 'zextensions H9 are provided with a vertical side wa1l.I.20 which is flangedas at I2I. At one end tofthe section the side wall I20 continues around theend ofthe .flat body portion H5 and terminates .at the end I22 of the tongue H4. The

flange I2I preferably lies in substantially the? same-:plane throughout its entireextent. The V .manifold sectio-n H3 is formed with lateral. ex-

tensions I23 similar to the extensions H9 of the companion section. Likewise a marginal wall .minates adjacent the'end I22 of the tongue H4,

I24 .is formed about the extensions I23 and ter-.

thesaidwall being flanged as at I25. Openings 7 I26 to accommodate the stems of the valves of the engine may be suitably formed in the later- -.al1y extending portions H9 while openings I 21, vmay be formed in the extensions I23 to. provide the. ports through .whichthe exhaust gases enter the manifold. Flanges I28 and I29 may be formed upon the extensions as a part of the opening forming. operations. At the end which .is to provide the outlet I33 of the manifold the blank is formed with a laterally extending flange I38. Upon completion of the operations described the section H2 is folded along the line I3I (Figure '14) While the section H3 is folded.-

. along the line I32. The. flanged walls thereof zmay'be united in the manner described.

While in the embodiments described the outlet "I33 of the exhaust manifold 33 is formed at one .end of the manifold, it is to be understood that; if desired, the exhaust manifold may be similar in construction to .theintake'manifold heretofore described. In other words the outlet may be .locatedcentrally of the ends of the manifold.

"I claim as'my invention:

1. Ahead for an internal combustion engine including a'housing 'whichconsists of preformed sheetmetal sections, the companion edges of said sections being spaced throughout a portion of their extent to provide .an' opening, a sheet metal 'intakemanifold and'a sheet metal exhaustmanifo1d,"one of said manifolds being arranged in'said "opening and being partiallyenclosed by sa'idsec- -tions,-"sa1d housing and manifoldsco-operating to provide a chamber through which a cooling media um may be circulated and being permanently secured together in a composite unit.

2. A head for an internal combustion engine including a housing which consists of preformed sheet metal sections, the companion edges of said sections being spaced throughout a portion of their extent to provide an opening, a sheet metal intake manifold and a sheet metal exhaust manifold, said intake manifold being arranged in said opening and being partially enclosed in said housing and said exhaust manifold being substantially entirely enclosed in said housing, said housing and said manifolds co-operating to provide a chamber through which a cooling medium may be circulated and being permanently secured together in a composite unit.

3. A head for an internal combustion engine including a sheet metal intake manifold, a sheet metal exhaust manifold, and a sheet metal housing which is formed with an opening and which is provided with intake and exhaust ports, one of said manifolds being formed with a body which is located in said opening and with arms which are arranged in said body and which communicate with said ports, said manifolds and housing co-operating to provide a chamber through which a cooling medium may be circulated and being permanently secured together in a composite unit.

4. A head for an internal combustion engine including a housing which consists of preformed sheet metal sections, the companion edges of said sections being spaced along one side to provide an opening, an intake manifold arranged in said opening, intake and exhaust ports formed in one of the sections of said housing, said intake manifold communicating with said intake ports, an exhaust manifold arranged between the sections of said housing, said exhaust manifold communicating with said exhaust ports, the sections of said housing co-operating with said manifolds to provide a chamber through which a cooling medium may be circulated.

5. A head for an internal combustion engine including an intake manifold, an exhaust manifold, a housing consisting of top and bottom preformed sheet metal sections, the companion edges of said sections being spaced throughout a portion of their extent to provide an opening, one of said manifolds being arranged in said opening and being partially enclosed by said sections, said bottom section being formed with a series of raised portions which fit over the cylinders of the engine, the top walls of said raised portions being formed with inlet and outlet openings which communicate with said intake and exhaust manifolds, said bottom section being formed at opposite sides of said raised portions with vertical wall portions and spark plug holders carried by the side walls of said raisedportions and said vertical wall portions, said manifolds and housing sections co-operating to provide a chamber through which a cooling medium may be circulated.

6. A head for an internal combustion engine including an intake manifold, an exhaust manifold, a housing consisting of top and bottom preformed sheet metal sections, the companion edges of said sections being spaced throughout a portion of their extent to provide an opening, one of said manifolds being arranged in said opening and being partially enclosed by said sections, said bottom section having a body portion, a wing portion and a vertical wall connecting the two, said body portion being formed with a series of raised pot-'- tions which fit over the cylinders of the engine, said raised portions being formed with inlet and outlet openings which communicate with said intake and exhaust manifolds, the other of said manifolds being located over said wing portion, said top and bottom sections co-operating with said manifolds to provide a chamber through which a cooling medium maybe circulated and spark plug holders carried by said bottom section, one end of one of said holders being carried by a side Wall of one of said raised portions and the other end of said holder being carried by said vertical wall.

7. A head for an internal combustion engine including a housing which consists of preformed top and bottom sheet metal sections, the com;- panion edges of said sections being spaced throughout a portion of their extent to provide an opening, a. sheet metal intake manifold and a sheet metal exhaust manifold, one of said manifolds being arranged in said opening and being partially enclosed by said sections, said bottom section being formed with a series of offset portions which are adapted to fit over the cylinders of the engine, said offset portions being formed with intake and exhaust ports which communicate with said intake and exhaust manifolds, said housing sections co-operating with said manifolds to provide a chamber through which a cooling medium may be circulated.

8. A head for an internal combustion engine including a housing which consists of preformed top and bottom sheet metal sections, the companion edges of said sections being spaced throughout a portion of their extent to provide an opening, a sheet metal intake manifold, a sheet metal exhaust manifold, one of said manifolds being arranged in said opening and being partially enclosed by said sections, said bottom section being formed with a series of offset portions which are adapted to fit over the cylinders of the engine, the top walls of said offset portions being formed with intake and exhaust ports which communicate with said intake and exhaust manifolds, the side walls of said offset portions and the oppositely disposed portions of said bottom section being formed with aligned openings and sleeves secured in said openings for accommodating the spark plugs of said engine, said housing sections co-operating with said manifolds to provide a chamber through which a cooling medium may be circulated and being permanently secured together in a composite unit.

9. A head for an internal combustion engine including a housing which consists of preformed top and bottom sheet metal sections, said sections having vertical side walls which abut one another throughout a portion of their extent and which are spaced throughout a portion of their extent to provide an opening, a sheet metal intake manifold and a sheet metal exhaust manifold, one of said manifolds being arranged in said opening and being partially enclosed by said sections, the abutting portions of said side walls being welded together and the spaced portions thereof being welded to the manifold which is arranged in said opening, whereby to secure the said housing sections and said manifolds in acomposite unit and provide a chamber through which a cooling medium may be circulated.

' MAURICE E. MUTCHLER. 

